Agriculture, as the backbone of the Indian economy, plays the most crucial role in the socio-economic sphere of the country. Indian agriculture is a diverse and extensive sector involving a large number of stakeholders. It has been one of the remarkable success stories of the post.
Agriculture has remained as a centerpiece of Indian economy. Though it is a main source of livelihood for a majority of Indian population, it still stands as a technologically backward sector. Despite its importance to the economy, little has been done to revive the sector. From production challenges to financing inefficiencies, Indian agriculture is plagued by several issues.
Inadequate farm equipment, lack of access to fairly priced credit, distribution challenges due to intermediaries between farm to fork are some of the challenges facing the Indian farmer. Farmers are the sole risk bearers of all these challenges that arise in the farming cycle. Be it lack of quality tools, erratic monsoons or pest outbreaks, farmers have to face it all without any risk mitigation among other stakeholders.
Agriculture Outlook In India 2021
Agriculture Advantage to India
Growth In Agriculture
Major Seasons : Kharif and Rabi
Horticulture Production Trends in India
List of Major Crops
Producing States in India
Those who are wondering about the names of the
major crop-producing states can go through the below-given list. It is better
to know our country at a glimpse. Grab the state wise crop production in India
2021 PDF in the official website of agricoop
Cereals
Crops |
States |
Wheat |
Uttar
Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana |
Gram |
Madhya
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu |
Barley |
Maharashtra,
Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan |
Bajra |
Maharashtra,
Gujarat and Rajasthan |
Rice |
West
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu |
Cash Crops
Crops |
States |
Poppy |
Uttar
Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh |
Sugarcane |
Uttar
Pradesh and Maharashtra |
Oil Seeds
Crops |
States |
Coconut |
Kerala
and Tamil Nadu |
Groundnut |
Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu |
Sesame |
Uttar
Pradesh and Rajasthan |
Rape
& Mustard |
Rajasthan
and Uttar Pradesh |
Linseed |
Madhya
Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh |
Sunflower |
Maharashtra
and Karnataka |
Fibre Crops
Crops |
States |
Silk |
Karnataka
and Kerala |
Hemp |
Madhya
Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh |
Cotton |
Maharashtra
and Gujarat |
Jute |
West
Bengal and Bihar |
Plantations
Crops |
States |
Rubber |
Kerala
and Karnataka |
Coffee |
Karnataka
and Kerala |
Tobacco |
Gujarat,
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh |
Tea |
Assam
and Kerala |
Spices
Crops |
States |
Turmeric |
Andhra
Pradesh & Odisha |
Ginger |
Kerala
and Uttar Pradesh |
Cashew
Nuts |
Kerala,
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh |
Pepper |
Kerala,
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu |
Maize
Here is the complete list of the maize crop
production and the total productivity in the previous years.
States |
Total
Production |
Karnataka |
3,550.00 |
Rajasthan |
1,640.00 |
Telangana |
2,570.00 |
Bihar |
2,420.00 |
Andhra
Pradesh |
2,300.00 |
Uttar
Pradesh |
1,480.00 |
Others |
3,910.00 |
Maharashtra |
3,540.00 |
Tamil
Nadu |
2,640.00 |
Largest Producers in India 2021
Each state is responsible for contributing to the
overall GDP rate and the economic development o four countries. Here is the
list of the largest producers of each crop and the state which is responsible
for its massive production
Major
Crops in India |
Producing
states in India |
The
largest producer of sugarcane in India |
Uttar
Pradesh |
The
largest producer of potato in India |
Uttar
Pradesh |
The
largest producer of tea in India |
Assam |
The
largest producer of paddy in India |
West
Bengal |
The
largest producer of wheat in India |
Uttar
Pradesh |
The
largest producer of saffron in India |
Jammu
& Kashmir |
The
largest producer of jute in India |
West
Bengal |
The
largest producer of tobacco in India |
Andhra
Pradesh |
The
largest producer of bananas in India |
Tamil
Nadu |
The
largest producer of onion in India |
Maharashtra |
The
largest producer of cashew nuts in India |
Maharashtra |
The
largest producer of cassava in India |
Tamil
Nadu |
The
largest producer of black pepper in India |
Kerala |
The
largest producer of cotton in India |
Gujarat |
The
largest producer of litchis in India |
Bihar |
The
largest producer of garlic in India |
Madhya
Pradesh |
The
largest producer of coffee in India |
Karnataka |
The
largest producer of large cardamom in India |
Sikkim |
The
largest producer of bamboos in India |
Assam |
The
largest producer of small cardamom in India |
Kerala |
The
largest producer of chilli in India |
Andhra
Pradesh |
The
largest producer of groundnut in India |
Gujarat |
Important Crops in India and the Soil Used for the Cultivation
Here is the complete list of the crops in each
state in India along with the soil used for the production of the same. Go
through the given below table to get a better understanding of the agriculture
sector in India.
States |
Crops |
Soil
Used |
Punjab |
Wheat,
Rice, Maize, Barley, Pulses, Rapeseed and Mustard, Sunflower, Oil Seeds,
Sugarcane, Cotton, Fruits, Vegetables |
Flood
plain soil, Loamy soil, Sandy soil, Desert soil, Kandi Soil, Sierozems, Sodic
and Saline soil |
Haryana |
Sugarcane,
Barley, Jowar, Bajra, Gram, Rice, Wheat, Mustard, Cotton |
Salt
Affected soil, Alkali Soil, Saline soil |
Rajasthan |
Wheat,
Sugarcane, Bajra, Baley, Jowar, Maize, Chili, Cotton, Mango, Rice,
Vegetables, Groundnut, Oilseeds, Pulses |
Sandy
soil, Saline soil, Alkaline soil, Chalky soil, Clay soil, Loamy soil, Black
Lava soil, Nitrogenous soil |
Uttar
Pradesh |
Fruits,
Vegetables, Spices, Floriculture, Medicinal/aromatic plants, others like
Betel vine, Mushroom, Honey production |
Alluvium
soil, Sandy soil, Clayey Soil, Red & Black soil |
Bihar |
Rice,
Wheat, Maize, Pulses, Vegetables, Fruits, Sugarcane, Jute |
Sandy
Loam soil, Loam soil, Clay soil, Clay Loam soil |
Gujarat |
Rice,
Wheat, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, tur, Gram, Cotton, Groundnuts, Dates, Sugarcane |
The
black soil, Alluvial soil, Hill soil, Desert soil |
Madhya
Pradesh |
Wheat,
Maize, Jowar, Gram, Tur, Urad, Moong, Soybean, Groundnuts, Mustard, Cotton,
Sugarcane |
The
black soil, Red & Yellow soil, Alluvial soil, Laterite soil, Mixed soil |
Maharashtra |
Rice,
Jowar, Bajra, Wheat, Pulses, Cotton, Sugarcane, Several Oil Seeds, Sunflower,
Groundnuts & Soybean |
Black-Cotton
soil, Kali soil, Morad soil, Pather soil, |
Chhattisgarh |
Rice,
Maize, Wheat, Niger, Groundnut, Pulses |
Red
& Yellow soil, Red Sandy soil, Red Loam soil, Black Cotton soil, Laterite
soil, |
Jharkhand |
Rice,
Ragi, Maize, Wheat, Program, Niger, Fruits |
Red
soil, Micacious soil, Sandy soil, Black soil, Laterite soil |
Himachal
Pradesh |
Off-season
vegetables, vegetable seeds, potato & ginger besides soybean, oilseeds,
pulses, fruits |
Sedimentary
soil, Brown soil, Brownish soil |
Jammu
& Kashmir |
Paddy,
Wheat, Maize, Barley, Bajra, Jowar, Gram, Apple, Walnuts |
Brown
Forest soil, Grey Brown Podzolic soil, Red & Yellow Podzolic soil, Hills
Forest soil, Mountain Meadow soil, Saline Alkali soil, Alluvial soil |
West
Bengal |
Rice,
Jute, Tea, Potatoes, Oilseeds, Betel, Vine, Tobacco, Wheat, Barley, Maize |
Laterite
soil, Red soil, Alluvial soil, Coastal soil, Terai soil, Colluvial soil |
Karnataka |
Paddy,
Jowar, Ragi, Maize, Sunflower, sugarcane, Cotton, Tobacco |
Red
soil, Lateritic soil, Black soil, Alluvial-Colluvial soil, Forest soil,
Coastal soil |
Rank Wise
Crop-Producing States
Are you curious to know the ranks under which each
state is appearing in the case of crop production? Here we help you locate
valid information.
Food Grains
Crop |
Rank
of States |
Rice |
(1)
West Bengal (2) U.P. (3) Andhra Pradesh |
Wheat |
(1)
U.P. (2) Punjab (3) Haryana |
Bajra |
(1)
Rajasthan (2) Gujarat (3) Maharashtra |
Jowar |
(1)
Maharashtra (2)Karnataka (3)Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) |
Maize |
(1)
Andhra Pradesh (2) Karnataka (3) Rajasthan |
Pulses |
(1)
M.P. (2) U.P. (3) Andhra Pradesh |
Overall
total food grains |
(1)
U.P. (2)Punjab (3) Madhya Pradesh |
Cash Crops
Crop |
Rank
of States |
Sugarcane |
(1)
U.P. (2) Maharashtra (3) Karnataka |
Cotton |
(1)
Gujarat (2) Maharashtra (3) Andhra Pradesh |
Coffee |
(1)
Karnataka (2) Kerala (3)Tamandu |
Tea |
(1)
Assam (2) West Bengal (3) Himachal Pradesh |
Silk |
(1)
Karnataka (2) Andhra Pradesh (3) West Bengal |
Rubber |
(1)
Kerala (2) Tamilnadu (3) Karnataka |
Tobacco |
(1)
Andhra Pradesh (2) Karnataka (3)Gujarat |
Oil Seed
Crop |
Rank
of State |
Groundnut |
(1)
Gujarat (2) Andhra Pradesh (3) Tamilnadu |
Soya
bean |
(1)
Madhya Pradesh (2) Maharashtra (3) Rajasthan |
Mustard |
(1)
Rajasthan (2) U.P. (3) Haryana |
Sunflower |
(1)
Karnataka (2) Andhra Pradesh (3) Maharashtra |
Overall
total oil seeds |
(1)
Madhya Pradesh (2) Maharashtra (3) Rajasthan |
Fruit Crops
Crops |
States |
Banana |
Tamil
Nadu |
Guava |
Madhya
Pradesh |
Grapes |
Maharashtra |
Apple |
Jammu
& Kashmir |
Areca
Nut |
Karnataka |
Orange |
Punjab |
Litchi |
Bihar |
Mango |
Uttar
Pradesh |
Mosambi |
Maharashtra |
Papaya |
Andhra
Pradesh |
Pineapple |
Karnataka |
Pomegranate |
Maharashtra |
Sapota
or Chikoo |
Andhra
Pradesh |
Largest
Agricultural Products in India by Value
Commodity |
Value
(US$, 2016) |
Unit
price (US$ / kilogram, 2009) |
Average
yield (tonnes per hectare, 2017) |
Most
productive country (tonnes per hectare, 2017) |
|
Rice |
$70.18
billion |
0.27 |
3.85 |
9.82 |
Australia |
Buffalo
milk |
$43.09
billion |
0.4 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
India |
Cow
milk |
$32.55
billion |
0.31 |
1.2 |
10.3 |
Israel |
Wheat |
$26.06
billion |
0.15 |
2.8 |
8.9 |
Netherlands |
Cotton (Lint
+ Seeds) |
$23.30
billion |
1.43 |
1.6 |
4.6 |
Israel |
Mangoes, guavas |
$14.52
billion |
0.6 |
6.3 |
40.6 |
Cape
Verde |
Fresh
Vegetables |
$11.87
billion |
0.19 |
13.4 |
76.8 |
United
States |
Chicken
meat |
$9.32 billion |
0.64 |
10.6 |
20.2 |
Cyprus |
Potatoes |
$8.23
billion |
0.15 |
19.9 |
44.3 |
United
States |
Banana |
$8.13
billion |
0.28 |
37.8 |
59.3 |
Indonesia |
Sugar
cane |
$7.44
billion |
0.03 |
66 |
125 |
Peru |
Maize |
$5.81
billion |
0.42 |
1.1 |
5.5 |
Nicaragua |
Oranges |
$5.62
billion |
||||
Tomatoes |
$5.50
billion |
0.37 |
19.3 |
55.9 |
China |
Chickpeas |
$5.40
billion |
0.4 |
0.9 |
2.8 |
China |
Okra |
$5.25
billion |
0.35 |
7.6 |
23.9 |
Israel |
Soybeans |
$5.13
billion |
0.26 |
1.1 |
3.7 |
Turkey |
Hen
eggs |
$4.64
billion |
2.7 |
0.1 |
0.42 |
Japan |
Cauliflower
and Broccoli |
$4.33
billion |
2.69 |
0.138 |
0.424 |
Thailand |
Onions |
$4.05
billion |
0.21 |
16.6 |
67.3 |
Ireland |
According to the Food and Agriculture
Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), the value of each item recorded can be
located in the below-given table
Item |
Value (in tonnes) |
Apples |
2316000 |
Bananas |
30460000 |
Beans,
green |
725998 |
Cashew
nuts, with shell |
743000 |
Castor
oil seed |
1196680 |
Cauliflowers
and broccoli |
9083000 |
Cherries |
11107 |
Chickpeas |
9937990 |
Chillies
and peppers, dry |
1743000 |
Chillies
and peppers, green |
81837 |
Coconuts |
14682000 |
Coffee,
green |
319500 |
Cucumbers
and gherkins |
199018 |
Garlic |
2910000 |
Ginger |
1788000 |
Grapes |
3041000 |
Lemons
and limes |
3482000 |
Mangoes,
mangosteens, guavas |
25631000 |
Melons,
other |
1266000 |
Mushrooms
and truffles |
182000 |
Oilseeds |
42000 |
Onions,
dry |
22819000 |
Oranges |
9509000 |
Papayas |
6050000 |
Pears |
300000 |
Pineapples |
1711000 |
Potatoes |
50190000 |
Rice,
paddy |
177645000 |
Soybeans |
13267520 |
Sugar
cane |
405416180 |
Sweet
potatoes |
1156000 |
Tea |
1390080 |
Tobacco,
unmanufactured |
804454 |
Tomatoes |
19007000 |
Watermelons |
2495000 |
Wheat |
103596230 |
World’s Largest
Producer
India is the world’s largest producer of many
agricultural products. Given below is the complete list of the production of
various crops in India.
- Ginger
- Chickpeas
- Areca nuts
- Pigeon peas
- Castor oil seeds
- Sunflower seeds
- Sorghum
- Millet
- Spices
- Okra
- Jute
- Papayas
- Chillies and peppers, dry
- Anise, badian, fennel, coriander
- Goat milk, whole, fresh
- Fresh Fruit
- Lemons and limes
- Buffalo milk, whole
- Beeswax
- Bananas
- Mangoes, mango steens, guavas
- Pulses
- Indigenous buffalo meat
- Fruit, tropical
Top 10 agricultural
states in India
- West Bengal
- Uttar Pradesh
- Punjab
- Gujarat
- Haryana
- Madhya Pradesh
- Assam
- Andhra Pradesh
- Karnataka
- Chhattisgarh
Agricultural facts
- India is the second agricultural production country globally
- Occupies right rank in the world’s export
- Largest milk producer country globally
- Ranked as the second-largest fruit producer country
- Agriculture is the main source of income for 60% of the population
- Farmers in India are mostly engaged in Horticulture and livestock
INDIAN AGRICULTURE INSTITUTIONS
1. Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack
2. Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora
3 Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur
4. Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry
5. Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow
6. Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore
7. Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur
8. Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore
9. Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi
10. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore
11. Central Institute of Sub Tropical Horticulture, Lucknow
12. Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar
13. Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner
14. Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi
15. Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla
16. Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Trivandrum
17. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod
18. Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair
19. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut
20. Central Soil and Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, Dehradun
21. Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal
22. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal
23. ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region including Centre of Makhana, Patna
24. Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad
25. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
26. ICAR Research Complex Goa
27. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani
28. National Institue of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Maharashtra
29. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
30. Central Institute on Postharvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana
31. Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi
32. Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai
33. National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata
34. Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi
35. Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan
36. Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom
37. Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar
38. National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore
39. Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
40. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
41. Central Institute Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai
42. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore
43. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin
44. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubneshwar
45. National Academy of Agricultural Research & Management, Hyderabad
Important International Institutions on Agricultural Research
AVRDC – Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan
CIAT – Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia
CIP – Centro International da la Papa (International potato research institute (Lima, Peru, South America)
CIMMYT – Centro International de Mejoramiento de Maizy Trigo. (International Centre for maize and Wheat development (Londres, Mexico)
IITA –International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan in Nigeria, Africa)
ICARDA – International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (Aleppo, Syria)
ICRISAT – International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Pattancheru in Hyderabad, India)
IIMI– International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo, SRILANKA
IRRI – International Rice Research Institute (Los Banos, Philippines)
ISNAR–International Service In National Agricultural Research The Hague, Netherlands
WARDA–West African Rice Development Association Ivory Coast, Africa.
IBPGR – International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy
CGIAR – Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Washington
FAO – Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome
WMO– World Meteorological Organization, Vienna.
National Research Centers In India
1. National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi
2. National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi
3. National Research Centre for Litchi, Muzaffarpur
4. National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur
5. National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune
6. National Research Centre for Banana, Trichi
7. National Research Centre Seed Spices, Ajmer
8. National Research Centre for Pomegranate, Solapur
9. National Research Centre on Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim
10. National Research Centre Agroforestry, Jhansi
11. National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner
12. National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar
13. National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad
14. National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati
15. National Research Centre on Yak, West Kemang
16. National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland
17. National Centre for Agril. Economics & Policy Research, New Delhi
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